Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peDNA neRNA? Ndeupi musiyano muchimiro cheDNA neRNA? Ndeipi basa reDNA neRNA? DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) uye RNA (ribonucleic asidhi; ribose nucleic acid) i polymer ye nucleotides yakabatanidzwa nemaketani kuburikidza ne phosphodiester bond. Kuti uwane tsananguro izere, ona tsananguro yedu maererano neMisiyano Yakazara muDNA uye RNA Zvimiro pazasi..

Misiyano muDNA uye RNA Structure

DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) uye RNA (ribonucleic asidhi; ribose nucleic acid) i polymer ye nucleotides yakabatanidzwa nemaketani kuburikidza ne phosphodiester bond.

Mubiological systems, DNA neRNA zvinoshanda semamorekuru anotakura ruzivo kana seanokonzeresa mune mamwe mamorekuru eRNA. Ongororo pfupi iyi inotarisa pane zvakasiyana siyana zvekusiyana kweDNA uye RNA zvimiro. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakakwana ndapota ona zvinyorwa pazasi!

DNA chimiro

Majini ane nucleic acid inonzi deoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid). Kunze kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemavhairasi, Mamolekyulu anoita sevatakuri veruzivo rwemajini mune zvese zvipenyu (Genetics, 2007: 53).

Asidhi iyi ipolymer ine deoxyribonucleotide mamorekuru akabatanidzwa pamwechete kugadzira cheni refu dzepolynucleotide..

Aya mamorekuru eDNA marefu anoumbwa nezvisungo pakati peC-nhamba 3 uye C-nhamba 5 pa deoxyribose molecule kuburikidza neboka rephosphate (Basic Biochemistry, 2006: 135).

DNA inonzi polymer. DNA recombination inzira yechisikigo umo zvinhu zvemajini (DNA polymer zvidimbu) akasanganiswa kuti aumbe mamwe mamorekuru eDNA. Chigadzirwa cheDNA chinonzi recombinant DNA. (Fessenden, 1982)

Kemikari, DNA ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Ane deoxyribose sugar group.
2. Basa nitrogennya guanin (G), sitosin (C), timin (T) dan adenin (A).
3. Memiliki rantai heliks ganda anti paralel
4. Kandungan basa nitrogen antara kedua rantai sama banyak dan berpasangan spesifik satu dengan lain. Guanin selalu berpasangan dengan sitosin (G±C), dan adenidan adenin berpasangan dengan timin (A – T), sehingga jumlah guanin selalu sama dengan jumlah sitosin. Demikian pula adenin dan timin.

Chimiro cheRNA

Asam ribonukleat (ribonucleic asidhi, RNA), adalah salah 1 dari 3 makromolekul utama (selain DNA & protein), yang memiliki peran penting dalam semua bentuk kehidupan (Key, 1976: 463).

Asam ribonukleat berperan membawa bahan genetik dan memainkan peran penting dalam ekspresi genetik.

Dalam dogma sentral genetika genetik molekuler, RNA memediasi antara informasi yang ditransmisikan/dibawa oleh DNA dan ekspresi fenotipik yang diwujudkan sebagai protein (Key, 1976: 463).

RNA terdiri dari rantai polybonucleotide, yang basanya biasanya adalah guanine, adenine, uracil, uye cytosine. RNA inowanikwa nucleus uye mu cytoplasm yemasero. Pane misiyano yakawanda muchimiro cheRNA pane DNA.

RNA ine huremu hwema molecular 25.000 kusvika mamiriyoni akawanda. Mazhinji maRNA ane imwechete polynucleotide cheni, asi cheni iyi inogona kupetwa kuita kaviri helical region ine A base pairs: U & G.

Kune marudzi matatu makuru eRNA, kureva kutamisa RNA (tRNA), mutumwa RNA (mRNA), uye ribosomal RNA (rRNA) .

RNA inoita basa mukuratidza ruzivo rwemajini. tRNA (Mr25,000) inoita basa seadapter mukubatanidzwa kwemaketani epolypeptide. tRNA inosanganisira 10-20 muzana yeRNA yakazara muchitokisi.

Kune kanenge imwe mhando yetRNA yemhando yega yega amino acid. tRNA ine yakakwira nucleoside yemukati. Iyi nucleoside inogona kunzi ine chimiro chakasiyana, semuenzaniso adenine, cytosine, guanine uye uracil / ndiro yesimbi (Ngili, 2013: 307-308).

Chimiro cheRNA chakafanana neDNA. RNA ipolymer ine akati wandei nucleotides. Imwe neimwe nucleotide ine phosphate boka, pentose boka uye nitrogen base boka (bass N).

Mapolymers anoumbwa neIntermittent bonds pakati peboka rephosphate reimwe nucleotide uye pentose boka reimwe nucleotide..

Ribonucleic acid ipolymer ine ribonucleotide mamorekuru. Ribonucleic asidhi inoumbwa nezvisungo pakati penhamba C maatomu 3 uye C maatomu 5 pane ribose molecule kuburikidza neboka rephosphate (Poedjiati, 2006: 138).

DNA inotakura genetic code, asi chaizvoizvo iRNA “inoshandura.”” iyo code inova protein synthesis.

Chimiro cheRNA chakafanana nechimiro cheDNA. nhevedzano yemayuniti eshuga (munyaya iyi ribose) yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nephosphate bonds.

Shuga imwe neimwe inosungirirwa kune chigadziko. Nheyo huru muRNA ndeye adenine, guanine, kutapira, uye uracil (kwete thymine).

Uracil mafomu anofarira hydrogen zvisungo (iyo inofanana nehydrogen bonds mu thymine) uye inogara yakabatanidzwa neadenine muRNA synthesis.

Mutumwa RNA (mRNA) akagadzirwa pasi pe “mirairo” DNA. Iyo mRNA molecule idiki pane iyo DNA molecule.

Mukubatanidzwa kwemRNA mamorekuru, chikamu chete cheDNA spiral chinoburitsa, ipapo iyo ribonucleotides inopindirana inobatanidzwa uye ipapo polymerized.

Mushure me polymerization, mRNa mamorekuru ane DNA mamorekuru haaumbi Sprila ane DNA mamorekuru. Neimwe nzira, inosiya nucleus/nucleus yesero kutsigira protein biosynthesis. (Fessenden, 1982)

Musiyano uripo pakati peDNA neRNA

Kunyange zvazvo kune zvakawanda zvakafanana neDNA, RNA yakasiyana neDNA. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peDNA neRNA?

• DNA iri mukati mesero nucleus uye RNA iri mukati mesero nucleus, ribosome, cytoplasm.
• Chikamu chepentose cheRNA chinonzi ribose, nepo pentose chikamu cheDNA chiri deoxyribose.
• Chimiro chemamorekuru eDNA idouble helix, nepo chimiro cheRNA molecule isiri kaviri helix
• Huwandu hwema guanini muRNA molecule haifanire kunge yakafanana neye cytosine., saka chiyero cheadenine hachifanirwe kunge chakafanana neicho cheuracil
• RNA ine mabhesi e purine, guanine, adenine, uye cytosine seDNA asi kwete thymine. Neimwe nzira, RNA ine uracil. Saka, RNA pyrimidine mabhesi akasiyana neDNA pyrimidine mabhesi.

Misiyano muDNA uye RNA Structure

• RNA inosiyana kubva kuDNA mukuti ine ribose seshuga yepentose. & uracil seboka re pyrimidine. Ribonucleic asidhi haisi kaviri helix, asi Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid inoumba zvakafanana helical chimiro, nema base pairs. Sezvakaita muDNA, mabhesi munzvimbo ino yehelix ihaidhirojeni yakasungirirwa kuRNA.
• RNA iripo senge helix mumatunhu mazhinji. Shuga yepentose muRNA inonzi ribose uye DNA inonzi deoxyribose. Deoxyribose haina atomu yeokisijeni pairi 5 "carbon kubva kushuga yeribose.
• MuRNA, thymine inotsiviwa neuracil, iyo inosungira kune adenine uye inoumba helical structure.
• Zvimiro, DNA imorekuru rakabatana rine hurefu hwakati, wide, uye hombe groove zviyero & diki.

Kusiyana muMabasa eDNA neRNA

Kubva pane basa, DNA inoshanda se genetic material inopfuudzwa kuzvizvarwa. RNA inoshanda senzira yekutakura / kutakura ruzivo kuburikidza iyo muviri unoburitsa mapuroteni ane basa rakazara.

Ndiyo hurukuro yedu maererano nePaper Material Misiyano muDNA uye RNA Structure. Verengawo Centrosome Function. Tariro inobatsira.

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