Map of the Distribution of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia – Indonesia is a country rich in flora and fauna. In Indonesia, there are different kinds of living things, on land, in water or in the air. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and Plantations in 1999, Because the footage was taken at night 2.215 animal/fauna species and 8.000 plant species/flora in Indonesia.

Map of the Distribution of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia

Map of the Distribution of Indonesia's Endemic Flora and Fauna

Map of Flora Distribution in Indonesia

Map of Fauna Distribution in Indonesia

Distribution of Flora in Indonesia

As already explained, that flora is a term used to refer to the plant world. Where is the name of this page Video Bokeh Museum Sexxxxyyyy Bokeh, Flora means all plants that live in one area at a certain time or era.

The number of flora/plant species in Indonesia is very high throughout the world. Compared to flora in America and Africa or temperate regions & cold, the types of flora in Indonesia are still higher.

From the privileges that Indonesia has,, many researchers come to study the wealth of Indonesia. Next, researchers explain the distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia.

As in some surveys, the distribution or distribution of flora in Indonesia can be seen from the point of view of the region and climate or regional conditions (regional).

Read Also : Indonesian map

1. Distribution of Flora in Indonesia by Wallace and Weber by Region

According to this review, The distribution of flora in Indonesia is divided into three regions, namely the flora of the Sahara region, transitional area and Sunda shelf. The following explanation:

• Flora in the Sahul . Shelf

The Sahul Exposure area is located in the Irian Jaya area, Papua. The flora in the Sahul Exposure area is the flora in the area around Irian Jaya.

The flora in this area has special characteristics belonging to tropical rain forest species, there are many sago palms, Nipah and mangroves/mangroves. other than that, There are also Pemetia Pinnata or Motea Pemetia plants.

• Flora in Transition Area

The transitional area in question is the area around Sulawesi. It's around 4.222 types of flora in this area, which is a mixture of the western and eastern parts of Indonesia.

There are many similarities with the dry areas of Java, Maluku and West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). And in the lowlands, there are many similarities with the lowland flora of Papua.

• Flora in the Sunda Shelf

The Sunda shelf referred to here is the Sumatran region and its surroundings. In this region there are three types of flora, that is :

1. Endemic or typical flora,
2. East coast flora in the form of mangroves and peat swamps
3. West coast flora consisting of peat swamp forest, meranti, jaundice, freshwater swamp and rattan forest and tropical rain forest. Peat forest & mangroves.

Read Also : Distribution of Fauna in the World

2. Distribution of Flora Based on Climate and Regional Conditions

Apart from the region, the distribution of flora based on the geographical environment based on climatic conditions and regional conditions in Indonesia is divided into: 7 that is, mangrove forest flora , moss forest, swamp forest, tropical rain forest, season forest, savanna and steppe.

• Mangrove forest

Mangroves/ Mangroves are a characteristic of tropical coastal areas. Meanwhile, the characteristics of this plant already have plant seeds that can float in sea water for several months and even these seeds can grow after being / stranded on land. other than that, it has a breath root hanging from its stem.

This forest is located on the east coast of Sumatra Island and in the coastal area of ​​Central Kalimantan, Papua, and most of the world's coastal areas, in large quantities.

• Moss Forest

Tundra or moss forests can be found in high mountain areas, which is always covered in fog because it is very high above sea level.

The air is humid and the temperature is very low, which allows moss to multiply easily.

The moss forest consists of mossy trees found in the high mountains of Papua, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Java.

• Swamp Forest

This type of forest is abundant in Indonesia. In Indonesia, There are two types of swamp forest: freshwater swamp forest and peat swamp forest.

Freshwater swamp forests cannot produce good wood, but the land can be used as agricultural land.

Peat swamp forest can produce wood, one of them is Ramin wood. Many peat swamp forests are found in West Kalimantan & Central Kalimantan.

• Seasonal Forest

This forest is often referred to as a homogeneous forest. Because the plant/flora species in this forest only have one type of tree. With features, that is, it will drop its leaves during the dry season or often called molt.

For example, fir, jati, and pine. This type of forest is found in the central and eastern parts of Indonesia.

• Tropical rain forest

This type of forest is a forest with dense trees. Just like his name, This forest is mostly found in tropical forest areas or areas where rainfall occurs throughout the year.

This type of forest is often referred to as heterogeneous forest because the plants consist of many different types of trees. This type of forest is widespread on the island of Sumatra, Papua, and Kalimantan.

• Steppe

Steppes or vast grasslands can be found in the East Nusa Tenggra area. The occurrence of steppes is caused by low rainfall, so that the water is only enough for the plants / grass that doesn't need a lot of water.

• Sheet

Savannah is a very large grassland area surrounded by trees or bushes. This region often experiences a long dry season and has hot temperatures. The savanna in Indonesia is located in Madura, Nusa Tenggara, and the Gayo Highlands, Aceh.

Distribution of Fauna in Indonesia

The distribution of fauna in the territory of Indonesia is grouped into three different types, namely the fauna of the western part of Indonesia (Asiatic), middle of Indonesia (transition), and the eastern part of Indonesia (Australis)

The line that separates the fauna of the western part of Indonesia and the central part of Indonesia is called the Wallace line.

The line that separates the fauna in the Central part of Indonesia and the eastern part of Indonesia is called the Weber's Line.

1. Distribution of Fauna in Indonesia According to Wallace and Weber by Region

The distribution of fauna in Indonesia according to Wallace and Weber is divided into: 3 that is :

• Asiatic Type (western region),
• Switch type (central region) and,
• Australian Type (eastern region).

The following is an explanation of each of these areas, For that, consider the distribution of fauna in Indonesia based on the following regions: :

• Fauna of Western Indonesia (Asiatic Type)

The distribution of fauna in the western part is known as the Asiatis type, as well as the distribution of flora, which is because of the fauna of the western part of Indonesia, fairly the same as the types of fauna that exist on the Asian continent as a whole. The influence of proximity and the condition of the earth's surface is the main factor.

The western part of Indonesia, The distribution of the Asiatic type fauna covers several areas such as the island of Sumatra, the island of Java and the island of Borneo.

In the western region there are also many types of fauna found / type of mammal (mammal), reptile (cold blooded vertebrates), We can also find many birds to fish in other parts of the Asian continent.

There are many endemic animals typical of the Asiatic type in western Indonesia. As for examples of endemic animals in Indonesia that are typical of this western region, as follows by island;

No	Name of the Island	Typical Endemic Animals of Asiatic Type
1.	Java Island	Javan tiger, one horned rhinoceros, bull, like spotted
2.	Bali island	Jungle fowl and spotted
3.	Kalimantan island	Honey Bear, proboscis monkey, orangutan,crocodile, like spotted, wild chicken
4.	Sumatra island	Sumatran tiger, they are pythons, elephant, like spotted, tapir

• Fauna of Central Indonesia (Transition)

The distribution of the fauna of the central part of Indonesia or what is also called the transitional type (fauna of the Wallace area) this is because it is on the wallace line that separates the Asiatic type from the Australis type. This central part of Indonesia includes 3 pulau, dinataranya :

• Sulawesi island,
• Bali island
• and Nusa Tenggara.

Because it's in the middle, So it's no wonder that there are several Asiatic and Australis types of fauna that are included in this transitional type.

Examples of Asiatic fauna such as monkeys and Australis fauna such as cuscus , we will meet a lot in the central part of Indonesia / this type of transition.

However, there are also some endemic animals typical of the transitional type in this central part of Indonesia. Examples of endemic animals typical of transitional types based on the type of animal are as follows: :

No	Types of Fauna	Special Endemic Fauna of Transitional Type
1.	Mammals	Deer pig, Mermaid, couscous, black monkey, three coins, bull, cow, kuda, tarsier bear.
2.	Reptile	Komodo, kura-kura, lizards, crocodile, they are.
3.	amphibian	Green water frog, tree frog, flying frog.
4.	Bird / aves	hornbill, older sibling, to send, king prawn, maleo, nuri, and doves.

• Eastern Indonesia Fauna (Australis)

The distribution of fauna in eastern Indonesia or also known as the Australis type, just like the flora.

This is because the distribution of fauna in the eastern part of Indonesia is similar to the fauna on the Australian continent in general.

The eastern part of Indonesia includes the Papua islands, Maluku and its surroundings.

In this eastern region there are also types of animals that are commonly found on the Australian continent, like a wallaby, kangaroo, koalas as well as several types of birds, reptiles or even other primates that are typical. However, animals such as monkeys and mammals are rare in this area.

Examples of endemic Indonesian animals that are typical and unique in the east by type are as follows: ;

No	Types of Fauna	Endemic Fauna Typical Australis
1.	Bird	Cenderawasih, older sibling, to the case, nuri, namudur.
2.	Mammals	Walabi, kangaroo, bear, irian hedgehog, couscous, tree kangaroo
3.	Reptile	Lizard, papua snake, lizard,crocodile, pig-nosed turtle
4.	Fish	Shark

That's our explanation of the Paper Material Map of the Distribution of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia. Read it too Environmental Benefits. May be useful.

Read Also :

• Map of the Distribution of the Ancestors of the Indonesian Nation
• Population Distribution in Indonesia
• Map of Developed and Developing Countries

The post Peta Persebaran Flora dan Fauna appeared first on YukSinau.co.id.