Khulafaur Rashidin – Khulafaur Rasyidin comes from the word caliphate and ar-rashidin. The word khulafa is a plural form of the word khalifah, which means substitute. The word ar-Rasyidin means guidance.

Khulafaur Rashidin consists of 4 The main companion of the Prophet Muhammad, namely Abu Bakr as-Shiddiq, Usman bin Affan, Umar bin Khattab, and Ali bin Abi Talib.

For a more complete explanation of the Definition of, Leadership Style, and Biography / You can discuss the biography of Khulafaur Rasyidin below.

Understanding Khulafaur Rashidin

After the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, died, the people who are given the responsibility to lead the Muslims are Khulafaur Rashidin. Khulafaur Rasyidin comes from the word caliphate and ar-rashidin. The word khulafa is a plural form of the word khalifah, which means substitute. The word ar-Rasyidin means guidance.

Thus, Khulafaur Rashidin are the successors who get guidance.

Khulafaur Rashidin consists of the four main companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, namely Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Usman bin Affan, Umar bin Khattab, and Ali bin Abi Talib.

Khulafaur Rasyidin's rule lasted for about 30 year (11 – 42 H). During that reign , many achievements achieved by khulafaur rasyidin for the progress of Islam, among them the expansion of Islamic territory, structuring the government system, and promote scientific progress.

Khulafaur Rashidin used the Qur'an and hadith as his guide in leading. Every policy taken is always in accordance with the guidance of the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad.

Read Also : Understanding of the Koran

Khulafaur Rashidin's Leadership Style

Khulafaur Rashidin, which consists of four companions of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, have different characteristics and traits. Here is Khulafaur Rashidin's leadership style.

1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq . Leadership Style

Caliph Abu Bakar as-Siddiq has a soft and firm character. In a state of chaos, Leaders who have characters like Caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq are really needed.

With his gentleness, Caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq can awaken people who are persuaded to make treason. Meanwhile, those who oppose Islamic rule are dealt with firmly.

2. Leadership style of Umar bin Khattab

At the time of Caliph Umar bin Khattab, the country's situation is safer. In that condition, need a leader with character like caliph Umar bin Khattab, that is smart, assertive, and prioritizing the interests of the people. The intelligence of Umar bin Khattab is very necessary to develop Islamic social principles.

3. Usman bin Affan's Leadership Style

The situation at the time of Caliph Usman bin Affan was completely safe. Prosperity has been achieved in all levels of society. In such condition, pious leader character, polite, and patience is essential. With characters like the Caliph Usman bin Affan, the prosperity of the people can be achieved, both physical and spiritual.

4. Ali bin Abi Talib's Leadership Style

During the transition of power from Caliph Usman bin Affan to Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib, chaos is back. In such a country, A leader who has a firm character and prioritizes the truth is really needed.

Ali bin Abi Talib has a firm character. The determination of Ali bin Abi Talib in defending the truth is similar to Caliph Umar bin Khatab.

Boigarfi Khulafaur Rashidin

Biography of Caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq

Abu Bakar as-Siddiq's full name is Abu Bakar Abdullah bin Quhafah bin Ustman bin Amr nin Masud bin Taim bin Ka'ab bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr at-Taimi al-Quraisy.

This means that his lineage with the Prophet saw met with Murrah bin Ka'ab. Born in 573 M or two years after the birth of the Prophet. He was born in a very influential tribal environment and a tribe that gave birth to many great figures.

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq was the first person to convert to Islam from an adult group, when Islam began to be preached. For him it is not difficult to believe the teachings brought by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, because since childhood he has known the greatness and nobility of the character of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

He is a trusted person and a loyal helper. Before embracing Islam, he is known as Abdul Ka'ab. After embracing Islam, Prophet Muhammad gave the title as-Siddiq, means a trusted person.

After converting to Islam, Abu Bakr did not hesitate to sacrifice his life and property for Islam. When Israel happened’ Mikraj most of the Quraysh and their leaders are telling lies.

But not with Abu Bakr, he came forward and confirmed with certainty and certainty. Therefore, he received the title as-Siddiq which is known to this day by the name of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq.

Biography of Caliph Umar bin Khattab

In the Mecca period, Umar bin Khattab is the main enemy of Muslims. At that time there were two famous Umar in Mecca, namely Umar bin Khattab and Umar bin Hisham (Abu Jahl). Both are figures who are hostile to Muslims and war experts.

The Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, begged God to convert one of those Umars to Islam. The Prophet's request was granted with the conversion of Umar bin Khattab to Islam. Since then, The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslims are becoming more courageous in preaching Islam to the community.

Umar bin Khattab is a very intelligent and firm person in distinguishing truth and falsehood. Because of that firmness, The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, gave him the title of al-Faruq, which means separator or differentiator.

Allah swt has distinguished what is right and what is false in him. In addition, it is also very standard in the field of politics. Umar bin Khattab's expertise in politics began when he succeeded in uniting the muhajirin and the Ansar during the election of the first Caliph..

Biography of Caliph Usman bin Affan

Before death, Caliph Umar bin Khattab formed a council that would find his successor. The council consisted of six friends who at that time were considered the highest level.

The six members of the council are Usman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Talib, Tahlan bin Ubaidillah, Zubair bin Awwam, Abdurrahman bin Auf, son of Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas.

The council is in charge of choosing one of them to be the caliph. The chairman of the board is Abdurrahman bin Auf. After deliberation at the house of Abdurrahman bin Auf, In the end, the majority of the votes chose Usman bin Affan as caliph to replace Umar bin Khattab.

Usman bin Affan was sworn in as caliph on the third day after the death of Umar bin Khattab. When elected as caliph, Usman is old 70 year.

Usman bin Affan was born in Mecca in the year 576 M, 6 years after the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. Usman bin Affan's name is Abu Abdullah, Abu Laila, Abu Amar, or better known as Dzun Nurain, means the one who has two lights.

Because the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married him to his two daughters, the first is Ruqayyah, after Ruqayyah died the Prophet married her to Umi Kulsum.

Usman bin Affan was one of the first to convert to Islam from the Umayyad group. He converted to Islam after Ali bin Abi Talib and Zaid bin Harisa at the invitation of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. He became Caliph for 12 year.

Biography of Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib

For some time after the assassination of Caliph Usman bin Affan, the city of Medina was under the control of the rebels led by Al-Ghafiqi Ibnu Harbes and his friends. Because, the city of Medina has no leader as a successor to Caliph Usman bin Affan.

The people of Medina were supported by three forces that came from Egypt, Basrah, and Kuffah then chose Ali bin Abi Talib to be Caliph.

Ali bin Abi Talib pledged allegiance after he refused, but they still believe that at that time there was no one more worthy to be caliph than Ali bin Abi Talib.

It was at that time, after the death of Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab, and Usman bin Affan who is fitter to lead the Muslims is only Ali bin Abi Talib. The situation of Muslims at the time of Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib was much different from the previous period.

Muslims at the time of Abu Bakar and Umar bin Khattab were still united. Besides that, the life of the Islamic community is still simple, not much affected by luxury, wealth, and position.

At the time of Caliph Usman bin Affan, circumstances began to change and the struggle was already affected by worldly things. Because of this, Muslims began to experience division.

Ali bin Abi Talib's government did not provide many changes for the progress of Muslims, both in the field of government and in the field of culture and civilization.

His reign was 5 many years were used to secure the area and suppress the rebels who were quite numerous and influential in the community.

In this kind of situation, still difficult for Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib to expand Islam, as well as to advance Islamic culture and civilization.

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